果树蚜虫的种类有哪些

2025-04-04 16:11:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

果树蚜虫的种类
1、桃粉大尾蚜
属同翅目,蚜科。别名:桃粉蚜、桃大尾蚜、桃粉大蚜、桃粉绿蚜、梅蚜。在全国大部分桃产区均有发生。主要危害桃、李、杏、樱桃、山楂、梨、梅及禾本科植物等。以成、若蚜群集于新梢和叶背刺吸汁液,被害叶失绿并向叶背对合纵卷,卷叶内积有白色蜡粉,严重时叶片早落,嫩梢干枯。排泄蜜露常致煤污病发生。
2、短尾蚜
属同翅目,蚜科。在各地果园均有发生。主要危害李、杏、桃、榆叶梅等。成虫、若虫密集于嫩梢、叶上吮吸汁液,严重时嫩叶畸形卷缩、嫩梢顶端弯曲,致使幼枝节间缩短,花芽生长受阻,并影响开花结实。植株受该虫危害后极大地降低了观赏价值与果实商品价值。以卵越冬,翌年4月中旬卵孵化为干母,干母成熟后产生干雌并群集于植物的嫩梢、嫩叶上繁殖危害。10月下旬可见到两性蚜经交尾后产卵越冬。
3、夹竹桃蚜
夹竹桃蚜属半翅目,蚜科。每年发生约10多代。主要寄主为夹竹桃。无翅胎生雌虫身体卵圆形,长约2.3mm,宽约1.2mm,体色黄或金黄,腹管、足黑色。有翅胎生雌虫体长卵圆形,长约2mm,宽约1mm,头、胸黑色,腹部色较浅,有黑色斑纹。已成蚜、若蚜越冬,翌年4月开始为害,5~6月是为害高峰,夏季高温,虫量明显减少,9~10月有一个新的繁殖为害高峰。11月后虫量减少,进入越冬期。
4、桔蚜
主要寄主有柑桔、桃、梨等植物。无翅胎生雌蚜全体漆黑色,复眼红褐色,触角6节,灰褐色。足胫节端部及爪黑色,腹管呈管状,尾片乳突状,上生丛毛。有翅胎生雌蚜与无翅型相似,翅2对白色透明,前翅中脉分三叉,翅痣淡褐色。无翅雄蚜与雌蚜相似,全体深褐色,后足特别膨大。卵椭圆形,初为淡黄色渐变为黄褐色,最后为漆黑色,有光泽。
若虫体褐色,复眼红黑色。每年发生10~20代。以卵越冬,翌年3月孵化为害。春末夏初、秋季两个繁殖期气候干旱,有利于大量发生,主要寄主食料不足时,有翅蚜迁飞到其他植物上取食为害。11月后有性蚜产卵越冬。
5、栾多态毛蚜
栾多态毛蚜属同翅目,毛蚜科。主要寄主有栾树、黄山栾树、七叶树、五角枫、椿树和石楠等。无翅孤雌蚜体长3mm左右,长卵圆形。黄褐色、黄绿色或墨绿色,胸背有深褐色瘤3个,呈三角形排列,两侧有月牙形褐色斑。触角、足、腹管和尾片黑色。有翅孤雌蚜体长为3mm,翅展6mm左右,头和胸部黑色,腹部黄色,体背有明显的黑色横带。
越冬卵椭圆形,深墨绿色。若蚜浅绿色,与无翅成蚜相似。每年发生5代,春季3代,秋季2代。以卵越冬,翌年3月上旬孵化为害。4~5月大量繁殖。分泌的蜜露大量洒落,整个树冠之下的人行道上黏连发黑。有性蚜11月中下旬产卵越冬。

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