如何解决高速攻丝难题

2025-04-07 02:01:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

随着加工中心的出现,尤其是高速切削技术的迅猛发展,攻丝加工更加成为生产中的短项。为解决这一矛盾,几家刀具制造公司投入了大量的人力物力,对影响高速攻丝的各个环节进行攻关,目前主要从开发高速丝锥,浮动丝锥夹头和丝锥自动退出动力头等几个方面进行研究,并取得了很大的成绩。
  高速丝锥
  由美国Emuge公司最新开发出高速丝锥系列。主要从以下几个方面进行改进:
  选用含钴量高的高速钢材料制成;
  丝锥的切削部分设计成利于切削与断屑的S形几何形状,大大地提高了丝锥的切削性能;
  采用先进的涂覆工艺及选择理想的涂覆材料,以提高刀具的硬度、红硬性及使用寿命;
  排屑槽设计成大螺旋角结构,以利排屑;
  尽量设计成内通油结构,以降低高速攻丝中,丝锥切削部分产生的很高切削温度。
  由于新设计丝锥有以上优点,它可使攻丝加工中的切削温度下降,切削速度大大提高。目前该公司的高速丝锥系列包括:Enorm-S-TiN, Rekord Aero-S-TiN, Rebust-S?TiN, Rekord 2A-A-1KZ TiCN和Rekord A-S-TiCN。据美国Midwest汽车零件制造公司采用Rekord 2A-A-1KZ TiCN高速丝锥,在可锻铸铁(HB200-400)上加工M14X1.5-6H的盲孔螺纹的实践表明,它可使攻丝在切削速度V=61m/min条件下进行,比原来加工提高3倍以上。加工钢件可使切削速度提高6倍以上。
  浮动丝锥夹头
  由Emuge公司和德国Kassel大学联合进行的高速攻丝切削试验研究证明,攻丝中选择的进给量与丝锥本身的固有螺距不同步(两者之间存在着误差),是攻丝效率高不上去和在高速攻丝中质量保证不了的主要原因。由于两者间形成的积累误差,将在攻丝过程中产生附加的拉、压轴向力,尤其是丝锥从孔内退出时,在较大轴向力的作用下,使螺纹表面严重划伤,使高速攻丝的零件质量保证不了。为此由Emuge公司开发出可对攻丝中的由轴向拉、压力产生的丝锥变形,进行自动补偿的浮动丝锥夹头。据称,新设计的浮动丝锥夹头可对0.5mm以内的变形量进行补偿,较满意地解决了这一技术难题。使攻丝加工能在高速下进行。
  丝锥自动退出动力头
  以往的在攻丝的退回过程中,都需要机床主轴进行减速、停止、反转和加速退回等几个运动,这不但增加了辅助时间,还对机床零件造成机械磨损。这也是造成攻丝效率提不高的主要原因之一。美国Tapmatic公司为提高攻丝加工效率,早在几年前就设计出能在攻丝完成后,在不改变主轴转速、方向情况下自动退出丝锥的动力头。该动力头采用离合器原理,由一个球体自动接通正、反方向旋转的齿轮传动机构。无须机床主轴变速,即可由动力头带动丝锥实现自动退回。大大地节省了辅助时间,降低生产成本。目前该公司已能向用户提供车床、铣床、钻床和加工中心用的,与主轴保持平行或重直方向传动的两种丝锥自动退出动力头,是高速攻丝的必不可少的工具。当然,丝锥自动退出动力头与丝锥之间也需要使用新型快换夹头。

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