推荐回答(1个)
CCD——英文Charge Couple Device的缩写,中文名称“电荷耦合器件”。 CMOS——英文Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor的缩写,中文名称为“互补金属氧化物半导体”。 CCD是目前主流的成像器件,主要分为: (1)R-G-B原色CCD:这是数码相机上应用的最多的CCD。 (2)C-Y-G-M补色CCD:早些时候尼康部分数码相机使用过这种补色CCD。 (3)R-G-B-E四色CCD:这是索尼最新发布的CCD,它比RGB原色CCD多出一个E(Emerale,翠绿)的颜色。 (4)Super CCD:是曰本富士公司的专利技术,中文名称为超级CCD,由CCD演变而成,目前已经发展到第4代。 3)CMOS:作为数码相机成像器件出现的时间并不长,但发展却非常迅速,大有与CCD分庭抗争之势,其基本结构中的像素排列方式与R-G-B原色CCD并没有本质差别。佳能是CMOS阵营的主要支持者。 CCD技术成熟,成像质量好,毕竟它是现在应用的最广泛的成像元件,但它也有其缺点: 1) 耗电量大。早期的数码相机有“电老虎”的“美誉”,主要原因之一便来自CCD。虽然现在采用低温多晶硅显示屏等低能耗的部件在一定程度上降低了相机的功率,但CCD依然是数码相机的耗电大户——CCD从数码相机一开机便随时保持着工作状态,更是无谓地消耗大量的电能。 2) 工艺复杂,成本较高。CCD复杂的结构决定了它制造工艺的复杂性,因而到目前为止,CCD还只有为数不多的几家电子产业巨头能生产。 3) 像素提升难度大。CCD前两个缺点也直接导致了这一个缺点,CCD像素提升无非是通过两个途径:第一,保持感光元件单位面积不变而增大CCD面积,在大面积CCD上集成更多的感光元件。但是这种方式会导致CCD成品率降低,制造成本更高,功耗更大,在民用领域这是不现实的;第二,缩小感光元件单位面积,在现有水平的CCD面积上集成更多感光元件。但是这种方法会减少感光元件的单位感光面积,降低CCD整体的灵敏度和动态范围,影响画质。 CMOS在最近几年的发展速度相当不错,大有与CCD分庭抗争之势——就连目前最顶级的DSLR(单镜头反光数码相机)如佳能(Canon) EOS 1Ds等高端专业单反都是采用CMOS成像。 相比CCD,CMOS有两个最突出的优点: 1) 价格低廉,制造工艺简单。CMOS可以利用普通半导体生产线进行生产,不象CCD那样要求特殊的生产工艺,所以制造成本低得多。而且CMOS尺寸与成品率都不如CCD有很多限制。 2) 耗电量低。虽然CMOS的滤镜布局与CCD差别不大,但在感光单元的电路结构上却有很大差别。CMOS每个感光元件都具备独立的电荷/电压转换电路,可将光电转换后的电信号独立放大输出——这比起CCD将所有的信号全部收集起来再放大输出,速度快了很多。而且CMOS的感光元件只在感光成像时才会工作,所以比CCD更省电。但CMOS同样存在缺点,如果在使用数码相机时成像动作较多,那么CMOS在频繁的启动过程中会因为多变的电流而产生热量,导致杂波并影响画质。
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