推荐回答(5个)
1. 强调重点不同
两者都表示“必须”,但must侧重于说话者的主观看法,have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。比较:
You can borrow my car, but you must bring it back before ten. 你可以借我的汽车,但必须在10点以前开回来。
I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one. 我的钢笔丢了,所以得去买一支。
第一句用must,强调说话者的要求——你必须这样做,否则借车免谈;第二句用have to强调的是客观实际的需要——不得不买支新的,否则就没有笔用。
2. 所用时态不同
must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to则有多种时态形式。如:
He said she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。
We had to borrow a lot of money. 我们不得不要借一大笔钱。
She has had to sell her house. 她不得不把房子卖掉。
As a matter of fact, he’s having to sell his house. 事实上,他现在得卖房子了。
除在宾语从句中表示过去可用 must 之外,其他表示过去的情况一般只用 had to。
3. 非限定形式不同
have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而must则没有这些形式。如:
I hate to have to get up in the morning. 我真不愿意早上非得起来不可。
I don’t enjoy having to work with her. 我不喜欢必须与她共事。
4. 动词搭配不同
根据语义的需要,have to可以与情态动词搭配使用,而must本身作为情态动词,显然不能这样用。如:
He may have to cancel the plan. 他可能需要打消这个计划。
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station. 假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站再等一小时。
5. 否定式的意义不同
must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。比较(www.yygrammar.com):
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密)
You needn’t tell him about it. 你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
must表示主观,have to表示客观.
We must help each other.
My sister is ill,my mother has to look after her.
must的用法
1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须……,得……,要……”;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或haveto,否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto,意思是“不必”;must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”.
We must find a good method to learn computer well.
我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法.
2)表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句中,意思为“一定是,必然……”.
注意must表示推断或猜测的几种情况:
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.(现在的猜测)
你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生.
have to/have got to的用法
1)must表示一种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”.如:
I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议.
Mother is out,so I have to look after the shop.
妈妈不在家,因此我不得不照看商店.
2)have to的否定形式是don’t have to,相当于needn’t.如:
They don’t have to buy a computer at present.
他们目前没有必要买电脑.
3)have to与have got to常可以互换.
最简单的区别方法:时态!
a. 还没有做又必须要做的事情用must,例如:
I'm very hungry. I must eat something.
b.过去必须要做的事情用had to,不能用must。
I was very hungry. I had to eat something. 这里不能用I must eat something.
2. must和have to都是表示必须,不得不做的事情,建议别人必须做的时候两组词都能用,例如:It's a fantastic film. You must see it.=You have to see it.
但如果你不是建议,只是陈述他人必须要做什么的时候,用have to而不是must,例如:Jane won't be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor.
情态动词must只有一种形式,而have to根据人称或时态有形式上的变化,如:其单三形式为has to, 过去式为had to。情态动词must和 have to的主要用法及比较如下:
从意义上来讲must是必须 have to是不得不
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