推荐回答（1个）
金属过滤、浇注温度、铸型转速、渣下凝固、涂料使用、铸件脱型、浇注系统、浇注定量等是在离心铸造生产中必需确定或解决的工艺问题，因为它们直接影响着铸件的质量和生产效率。
1、金属过滤
有些合金液中有较多难于除去的渣滓，可在浇注系统中放各种过滤网清除渣子，如泡沫陶瓷过滤网、玻璃丝过滤网等。
2、浇注温度
离心铸件大多为管状、套状、环状件，金属液充型时遇到的阻力较小，又有离心压力或离心力加强金属液的充型能力，故离心铸造时的浇注温度可较重力浇注时低5~10°C。
3、铸型转速
是离心铸造时的重要工艺因素，不同的铸件，不同的铸造工艺，铸件成形时的铸型转速也不同。
过低的铸型转速会使立式离心铸造时金属液充型不良，卧式离心铸造时出现金属液雨淋现象，也会使铸件内出现疏松、夹渣、铸件内表面凹凸不平等缺陷；
铸型转速太高，铸件上易出现裂纹、偏析等缺陷，砂型离心铸件外表面会形成胀箱等缺陷，还会使机器出现大的振动、磨损加剧、功率消耗过大。所以，铸型转速的选择原则应是在保证铸件质量的前提下，选取最小的数值
4、熔渣利用
为克服厚壁离心铸件双向凝固所引起的皮下缩孔缺陷，可在浇注时把造渣剂与金属液一起浇入型内，熔渣覆盖在铸件内表面上，阻止内表面的散热，创建由外向里的顺序凝固条件，消除皮下缩孔。同时，造渣剂还可起精炼金属液的作用。
浇注造渣剂的方法是：浇注时在浇注槽中撒粉状造渣剂；把熔融的渣滓与金属液一起浇入型内。
5、涂料使用
离心金属型用涂料的组成与重力金属型铸造相似。浇注细长离心铸件时，由于清除铸型工作面上的残留涂料较为困难，故涂料组成中粘结剂在高温工作后的残留强度应尽量低，以便于清除。
6、铸件脱型
为了提高生产效率，在保证质量的前提下，应尽早进行铸件的脱型。有时为了防止铸件的开裂，脱型后的铸件应立即放入保温炉或埋入砂堆中降温。对一些不易脱型又需缓冷防裂的铸件，则可在铸型停止转动后立刻把有铸件的铸型从离心铸造机上取下，埋入砂堆中缓慢冷却，至室温时在行脱型。
7、浇注系统
离心铸造时的浇注系统主要指接受金属的浇杯和与它相连的浇注槽，有时还包括铸型内的浇道。设计浇注系统时，应注意以下原则：
①浇注长度长、直径大的铸件时，浇注系统应使金属液能较快地均匀铺在铸型的内表面上；
②浇注易氧化金属液或采用离心砂型时，浇注槽应使金属液能平衡地充填铸型，尽可能减少金属液的飞溅，减少对砂型的冲刷；
③浇注成形铸件时，铸型内的浇道应能使金属液顺利流入型腔；
④浇注终了后，浇杯和浇注槽内应不留金属和熔渣。如有残留金属和熔渣，也应易于清除。
8、浇注定量
离心铸件内径常由浇注金属液的数量决定，故在离心浇注时，必须控制浇入型内的金属液数量，以保证内径大小。在浇注包架子上安装压力传感器进行离心浇注自动定量和保温感应炉电磁泵定量浇注也已在生产中应用。
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