作定语 前置定语 He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。 This is a decided question. Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。
that is a used bottle.那是用过的瓶子。
后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
The young man followed by a lady is from a rich family.被女士跟着的小伙是个富二代。
Those wishing to join this club should sign here. 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。 (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.) The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。 (The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)
Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。 Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
做状语
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。 Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
don't come in if not asked. Having finished his homework, the boy was allowed to watch TV play. After having finished his homework, the boy… ,
