历史上对汉朝皇帝刘弗陵的评价是怎样的?

2025-03-25 07:01:21
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

刘弗陵,武帝在弥留之际被立为太子。在此之前,武帝为了防止自己死后主少母壮,吕后之事重演,将刘弗陵的生母赵钩弋赐死。武帝病死后,霍光等人于同月奉刘弗陵继位,第二年改年号为“始元”。刘弗陵继位时年仅八岁,遵照武帝遗诏,由霍光辅政,故“政事一决于光”。因霍光大权独揽,与很多大臣结怨。左将军上官桀、桑弘羊和霍光不和,多次设法陷害霍光。公元前81年,霍光在长安附近检阅羽林军,并将一名校尉调入自己府中,上官桀乘机造了一封燕王刘日(刘弗陵兄)的信,派人冒充燕王的信使,送将弗陵,说霍光有谋反之心。第二天,霍光进宫朝见刘弗陵,得知这一消息,吓得伏地不起。刘弗陵却说:“你检阅羽林军,调用校尉都是最近的事,长安离北方距离那么远,燕王怎么能这样快就知道,即使能知道,写好信送到长安,也不能这样快,再说,你真的有心谋反,也不用靠调用一个校尉。所以,足证明这信是假的,有人想陷害你大将军。你不必害怕,请起吧。”霍光和众大臣听了,无不佩服刘弗陵年少英明。不久,上官桀又伙同御史大夫桑弘羊、鄂邑公主等人,勾结燕王刘日密谋杀霍光,废刘弗陵,由刘日即位,霍光侦知这一阴谋后奏告刘弗陵,刘弗陵立即命田千秋发兵以谋反罪诛杀桑弘羊、上官桀等,迫使刘旦自杀,避免了一场政变。而这时的刘弗陵年仅十四岁,能够成功处理此事,颇让人称道。后人评价说:“汉昭帝年十四,能察霍光之忠,知燕王上书之诈,诛桑弘羊、上官桀。高祖、文、景俱不如也。” 针对武帝末年因对外战争、封禅等所造成的国力严重损耗,农民负担沉重,大量破产,使得国内矛盾激化的情况。在霍光等的辅佐下,刘弗陵多次下令减轻人民负担,罢不急之官,减轻赋税,与民休息。对外方面,改变武帝时对匈奴长期作战的政策,一方面加强北方戍防,多次击败进犯的匈奴、乌桓等,另一方面重新与匈奴和亲,以改善双方的关系。从而使得武帝时期的大规模战争停止下来,有助于国内的经济恢复与发展。在经济方面,因武帝实行盐铁专卖引起天下议论,于公元前八一年召开“盐铁会议”,对武帝时各方面政策进行讨论。这次政策大讨论的情况,保存在桓宽所编著的《盐铁论》一书中。经过争论,取消了酒的专卖,而保留盐铁专卖。昭帝时,因内外措施得当。使得武帝后期遗留的矛盾基本得到了控制,西汉王朝衰退趋势得以扭转。史称“百姓充实,四夷宾服。” 元平元年(公元前74年)四月,年仅22岁的刘弗陵因患绝症病死于长安未央宫,死后的谥号为昭帝

回答2:

  评价:
  班固:昔周成以孺子继统,而有管、蔡四国流言之变。孝昭幼年即位,亦有燕、盍、上官逆乱之谋。成王不疑周公,孝昭委任霍光,各因其时以成名,大矣哉!承孝武奢侈余敝师旅之后,海内虚耗,户口减半,光知时务之要,轻徭薄赋,与民休息。至始元、元凤之间,匈奴和亲,百姓充实。举贤良、文学,问民所疾苦,议盐、铁而罢榷酤,尊号曰“昭”,不亦宜乎!
  曹丕:夫孝昭,父非武王,母非邑姜,体不承圣,化不胎育,保失仁义之德,佐无隆平之治,所谓生深宫中,长妇手矣,德与体并,智与性成。
  曹植:周公以天下初定,武王既终,而成王尚幼,未能定南面之事,是以推己忠诚,称制假号。二弟流言,邵公疑之,发金滕之匮,然后用寤,亦未决也。至于昭帝所以不疑于霍光,亦缘武帝有遗诏于光。使光若周公践天子之位,行周公之事,吾恐叛者非徒二弟,疑者非徒邵公也。且贤者固不能知圣贤,自其宜耳。昭帝固可不疑霍光,成王自可疑周公也。若以昭帝胜成王,霍光当逾周公邪?
  李世民:昔汉昭帝之保霍光,魏太祖之明程昱,朕之不德,庶几于此。
  李德裕:①人君之德,莫大于至明,明以照奸,则百邪不能蔽矣,汉昭帝是也。周成王有惭德矣,高祖、文、景俱不如也。②使昭帝得伊、吕之佐,则成、康不足侔矣。
  苏辙:昭帝享国十三年,年甫及冠,功未有见于天下,其不及成王者亦远矣。天寿虽出于天,然人事常参焉。故吾以为成王之寿考,周公之功也;昭帝之短折,霍光之过也。
  司马光:以孝昭之明,十四而知上官桀之诈,固可以亲政矣。
  钱时:昭帝甫十四而能明燕书之诈。昔人谓成王有惭德,固矣。虽然,昭帝止于昭帝,而成王进德,遂至学有缉熙于光明之盛。愚于此则深见,天姿虽美不足恃,而学问之功为大也。昭帝享国则固日浅,而成王复辟之年亦方弱冠耳。《洛诰》答周公之语,非大进所学有见于道,能为是言乎。因观三代而下,英君谊辟,非无刚明特达之才,而不能跻之二帝三王之盛者,皆由不学之故。非不学也,不以二帝三王之所学者为学也。非不学二帝三王之所学者也,无二帝三王之佐也。由是言之,成王虽疑周公而周公不负成王,昭帝虽不疑霍光而霍光则有负于昭帝多矣。
  洪迈:汉昭帝年十四,能察霍光之忠,知燕王上书之诈,诛桑弘羊、上官桀,后世称其明。

回答3:

昔周成以孺子继统,而有管、蔡四国流言之变。孝昭幼年即位,亦有燕、盍、上官逆乱之谋。成王不疑周公,孝昭委任霍光,各因其时以成名,大矣哉!承孝武奢侈余敝师旅之后,海内虚耗,户口减半,光知时务之要,轻徭薄赋,与民休息。至始元、元凤之间,匈奴和亲,百姓充实。举贤良、文学,问民所疾苦,议盐、铁而罢榷酤,尊号曰“昭”,不亦宜乎! ——《汉书·昭帝纪》

回答4:

中兴有为。。。。

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