物化溶解热的测定为什么要用作图法求得溶解温度变化和加热温度变化

2025-03-28 13:41:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

溶解热指在一定温度及压力下(通常是温度为298K,压力为101kPa的标准状况),一摩尔的溶质溶解在大体积的溶剂时所发出或吸收的热量。在等压状态下,溶解热等同于焓值的变化,因此也被称为溶解焓。
溶质的量为1摩尔时的溶解热叫做摩尔溶解热。
由于在纯溶剂中或某一浓度的溶液中溶解相同物质的溶质严格说其溶解热是不一样的,所以溶解热分为:
积分溶解热:在恒温恒压下,一摩尔溶质溶于n0摩尔溶剂中产生的热效应,用Qs表示。
微分溶解热:在恒温恒压下,一摩尔溶质溶于某一确定浓度的无限量的溶液中产生的热效应
冲淡热:在恒温恒压下,1mol溶剂加到某浓度的溶液中使之冲淡所产生的热效应,冲淡热也可以分为积分(或变浓)冲淡热,和微分(或定浓)冲淡热两种。
积分冲淡热:在恒温恒压下,把愿含有1mol溶质和n01摩尔溶剂的溶液冲淡到喊溶剂为n02时的热效应,亦即为某溶液在两种浓度下的积分溶解热之差,以Qd表示
微分冲淡热:在恒温恒压下,1mol溶剂加入某一确定浓度的无限量的溶液中产生的热效应。
在溶液中加入纯溶剂所引起的热效应称为稀释热(w:heat of dilution)。稀释热也可分为积分稀释热和微分稀释热。
有些物质溶解时明显要放热,例如NaOH、浓H2SO4,有些明显要吸热,例如NH4NO3、NH4CL。

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