如何通过底足鉴定古瓷真伪?

2025-03-15 04:18:18
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

随着收藏的日益火爆,古玩市场上的古瓷器赝品越来越多,大有“铺天盖地”之势,令人防不胜防。面对赝品泛滥的现状,鉴定古瓷真伪就成为了收藏的重中之重。
对于广大瓷器收藏爱好者来讲,该如何鉴定古瓷器的真伪呢?我省收藏家张子刚先生说,鉴定古瓷的真伪,底足是关键。底足是古瓷所含信息量最大的地方。透过底足,可以见其胎,可以见其釉,可以见其胎釉结合情况,可以见其烧造工艺,可以察看其老化程度等。那么,如何从底足鉴定古瓷真伪呢?张子刚说,收藏爱好者首先应掌握各个朝代瓷器的特征,如足是什么形状的足,胎是什么质量的胎,其次可从以下几方面鉴定古瓷真伪:
看底足是否有粘沙现象。明代以前的器物多有不同程度的粘沙现象,明清瓷器足内积釉处也有粘沙,而仿品却很少有粘沙(仿品也有少数粘沙,但不像真品那样显得老化干燥),因其烧造工艺高于古时,釉也施得不是那么厚,不会造成积釉,使之极少有粘沙。
看底足露胎之处胎骨磨损情况。一般来说,仿品的磨损比较平滑,没有真品那么自然。真品的露胎处显得比较干燥,而仿品显得细腻。
看底足露胎之处的火石红。各个时期瓷器的火石红不同,或多或少或无。如明代民窑瓷底足处火石红特别浓郁,而其仿品的火石红就完全不同,有的是用浆釉涂抹的,显得轻浮不定,有的颜色偏黄。
看底足的垫烧痕迹。明以前的瓷器时常可以清晰地看到垫烧痕迹,只不过各窑有各窑的垫烧方法。如汝窑有芝麻钉支烧,哥窑有“跌足”等。
看各时期底足的特别之处。主要是观察各个时期瓷器底足露胎处的痕迹。如南宋瓷器有旋纹;元代多有旋坯痕并有鸡心点;明代则多有放射状的跳刀痕,旋坯痕较少;清代官窑瓷几乎看不到什么痕迹。

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