化学中什么是“结晶”?带结晶水的物质性质是什么?为什么会有结晶水的出现?

2025-04-05 15:37:57
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)结晶就是已经溶解在溶液中的溶质,由于溶液温度下降、溶剂蒸发减少等因素的影响,而从溶液中以晶体的形式析出的过程;(2)带有结晶水的物质的性质:①有些结晶水合物加热时会自行熔化,这种溶质溶解于结晶水所形成的溶液(如Na2S2O3·5H2O的熔化);②有些结晶水合物在空气中会逐渐自动失去结晶水,这种过程叫做风化,例如十水合碳酸钠Na2CO3·10H2O = Na2CO3 + 10H2O;②很多结晶水合物在加热时会逐渐失去水分子,最终转变为无水物,例如五水合硫酸铜晶体:CuSO4·5H2O → CuSO4·3H2O → CuSO4·H2O → CuSO4(无水硫酸铜,白色);还有很多强酸弱碱盐的结晶水合物在加热时发生水解反应,最终会得到金属氧化物,而不是无水盐,例如六水合氯化镁:MaCl2·6H2O → MgO + 2HCl + 5H2O,如果要得到MgCl2,则需在加热时不断通HCl气体以抑制Mg(2+)的水解。

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