推荐回答(2个)
先行词
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
我们可以这样认为之所以称它为先行词是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,
先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
This is the book whichI am lookingfor.中的book是先行词,which是引导词.
He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词. 简单的说,就是和修饰宾语的词或从句,词就是先行词
一、先行词与关系词
A.什么是先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
Don’t forget thebook that I told you to bring. (the book为先行词) 别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。
B.先行词与关系词的关系
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层:
即主句层(第一层), 定语从句层(第二层)。
C.先行词与关系词的种类
1. 常见的关系代词
2.常见的关系副词
二、限定性定语从句与
非限定性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词间关系的紧密程度, 我们将定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
A.限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句, 用来修饰和限定先行词, 与先行词间的关系非常密切, 它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特写的人或物, 从句用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况, 如果去掉, 则意思含混不清。
A doctor is aperson who looks after people’s health. (who为引导词的限定性定语从句, 修饰先行词a person。who在从句中作主语。)医生就是照顾病人的人。
B.非限定性定语从句
1.非限定性定语从句的特点
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用, 也不会影响全句的理解, 译为汉语时常常不译作定语, 而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。对它与主句的关系不如限定性定语从句的关系紧密,
只是对先行词作些附加说明, 即使去掉, 主句的意思依然清楚。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开, 如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间, 其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
C.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句在结构、用法及意义上差别很大。
定语从句先行词位置
请问定语从句先行词的位置?
定语从句的关系代词和关系副词是不是一定要紧跟先行词?中间可以由一些相关
的完整短语隔开么?
当然,是对限定词气限定作用的,如果有短语,限定什么。不过可以有都好隔开,
叫非限制性定语从句。
通常情况下,先行词和定语从句是挨着的,但是在不引起歧义的情况下,可以把定
语从句和先行词分开,这叫分隔定语从句。
例:He is a student in my school who often helps others. 先行词是student与从句分开。因为定语从句的先行词是名词或代词。所以这句话中有可能是先行词的词是He,student,school,但是从句的引导词who的先行词只能是人,所以排除school,再通过翻译,所以确定,先行词就是student。从句没有和先行词挨着,因为我们经过判断知道了他要表达的意思。所以从句可
以和先行词分开。
远不止三种,可指人,指物,指时间,指地点,指原因等。
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