推荐回答(3个)
北京菜的由来
北京自春秋战国以来一直是我国北方重镇,先后有辽、金、元、明、清五朝建都于此,是我国政治、经济、文化、外交中心,汉、满、蒙、回等各族人民大量在此定居。世界和全国各地文化在此融会交流,在饮食文化方面,形成了蔡萃百家、兼收并蓄、格调高雅、风格独特、自成体系的“北京菜”。 “北京菜”是由北京地方风味菜,以牛羊肉为主的清真菜,以明清皇家传出的宫廷菜,及做工精细、善烹海味的谭家菜,还有其它省市的菜肴组成。
山东菜对北京菜系的形成影响深远,北京菜的基础。山东风味的菜馆在北京四处林立。山东的胶东派和济南派在京相互融合交流,形成了以爆、炒、炸、火靠、熘、蒸、烧等为主要技法,口味浓厚之中又见清鲜脆嫩的北京风味,广而影响齐鲁、松辽、三晋、秦陇等北方风味的形成,在烹饪园地中一枝独秀。
清真菜在北京菜中占有重要的位置,它以牛羊为主要原料。如著名的“全羊席”用羊身上的各个部位,可烹制出百余种菜肴,是北京菜的重要代表。另外“烤肉”、“涮羊肉”、“煨羊肉”,历史悠久,风味独特,深受北京群众喜爱。
宫廷菜在京菜中地位显著,它选料珍贵,调味细腻,菜名曲雅,富于诗情画意。现在的宫廷菜多是明清宫廷中传出来的菜肴。著名菜品如:抓炒鱼片、红娘自配、脯雪黄鱼等。
谭家菜是官府菜中的代表,讲究原汁原味,咸甜适中,不惜用料,火候足到,如选料精细的"黄焖鱼翅"是谭家一等代表菜,居各鱼翅菜之首。
综上所述,京菜由地方菜、清真菜、宫廷菜、官府菜等融合而成,口味浓厚清鳟,质感多样,菜品繁多,四季分明,有完善、独特的烹调技法,以爆、炒、熘、烤、涮、焖、蒸、氽、煮见长。形成京菜特色的主要原因是北京为全国首府,特化天宝,人杰地灵。全国各风味菜技师多汇于此,菜肴原料天南地北,山珍海味、时令蔬菜应有尽有。而以北京"填鸭"制成的烤鸭,更是驰名中外,还有以此为原料而制成的"全鸭席"更是名传遐迩,名品如“火燎鸭心”、“烩鸭四宝”、“北京鸭卷”,常单菜应席。
北京菜随着社会的改革和发展,在传统的基础上又有新烹饪技术的飞跃,京菜正以其古朴的文化,淳厚的风味,精淇湛的技艺,醇正的调味,绚丽多彩的特色为人们服务。
北京名菜赏析17例:
五香鱼、海红鱼唇、黄焖鱼翅、烩乌鱼蛋、醋椒鱼、酱汁活鱼、罗汉大虾、葱烧海参、涮羊肉、芫爆百叶、北京烤鸭、酱爆鸡丁、北京泡菜、芥末白菜墩、核桃酪、炸羊尾、拔丝山药。
北京菜又称京帮菜,它是以北方菜为基础,兼收各地风味后形成的。北京以都城的特殊地位,集全国烹饪技术之大成,不断地吸收各地饮食精华。吸收了汉满等民族饮食精华的宫廷风味以及在广东菜基础上兼采各地风味之长形成的谭家菜,也为京帮菜带来了光彩。北京菜中,最具有特色的要算是烤鸭和涮羊肉。烤鸭是北京的名菜,涮羊肉、烤牛肉、烤羊肉原是北方少数民族的食法,辽代墓壁画中就有众人围火锅吃涮羊肉的画面。现在,涮羊肉所用的配料丰富多样,味道鲜美,其制法几乎家喻户晓。金针鸡丝 红烧牛肉 北京鸡 樱桃肉 木须肉 北京烤鸭 京酱肉丝 京都排骨 它似蜜 软炸鸡 一品肉 青椒鸭丁 冰糖肘子 熏肝 筒子肉 熏鸭脑 糖醋鲤鱼 玉黍鳜鱼 锅溻桂鱼 醋椒鱼 素菜银耳素烩 翡翠豆腐 凉菜白切肉 晾肉 马莲肉 北京辣白菜 白煮肉 海鲜罗汉大虾 鹿茸三珍 金丝海蟹 砂锅鱼翅 葱烧海参 主食春饼卷菜 汤藕丝羹 火锅涮羊肉
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