四小徽班都哪几个?
四大徽班估计大家都听说过,那四小徽班呢?
推荐回答(3个)
四大徽班概况
“徽”指的是徽调或徽戏,“徽班”是指演徽调的戏班。清代(公元1644——公元1911)徽调在南方非常受欢迎,有许多著名的徽班。其中最著名的是:三庆班、四喜班、春台班、和春班,当时被称为“四大徽班”。四大徽班在表演上各有所长、各具特色。当时有这样的赞誉:三庆班的轴子、四喜班的曲子、春台班的孩子、和春班的把子。
“轴子”(读“咒”),意思是说三庆班擅长演有头有尾的整本大戏。
“曲子”是指昆曲,意思是说四喜班擅长演昆腔的剧目。
“孩子”指的是童伶,意思是说春台班的演员以青少年为主,生气勃勃。
“把子”是指武戏,意思是说和春班的武戏火爆,最受欢迎。
这是四大徽班的概况。
中国清代乾隆年间北京剧坛4个戏班。即三庆班、四喜班、和春班、春台班。多以安徽籍艺人为主,故名。乾隆五十五年(1790),为给乾隆帝弘历祝寿,从扬州征召了以戏曲艺人高朗亭为台柱的三庆班入京,是为徽班进京演出之始。
之后又有四喜、启秀、霓翠、和春、春台等安徽戏班相继进京。在演出过程中,6个戏班逐渐合并为四大徽班。时值京腔(高腔)、秦腔已先行流入北京,徽班在演唱二簧、昆曲、梆子、啰啰诸腔的基础上,兼容并蓄,出现了“四徽班各擅胜场”的局面。
嘉庆、道光年间,汉调(又称楚调)进京,参加徽班演出,徽班又兼习楚调之长,为汇合二簧、西皮、昆、秦诸腔向京剧衍变奠定了基础。因此,四大徽班进京,被视为京剧诞生的前奏,在京剧发展史上具有重要意义。清末,四大徽班已相继散落。
四大徽班
明末,安徽青阳,徽州声腔已趋流行,同时安徽优伶技艺已显头角.清乾隆五十五年(西元一七九○年),高宗八旬万寿盛典,三庆徽班率先入京祝厘,自此继来徽班又有四喜,和春,春台等班,合称「四大徽班」.
乾隆时,戏曲已分雅,花两部.雅部即指昆腔;花部又名乱弹,泛指昆腔外之一切地方声腔.徽班则特有其地力之「二黄调」,但仅是以二黄调为基本声腔,再融合流行之京,秦两腔,萃集其他剧种所长.是以嘉庆年间,徽班不但擅演花部诸戏,昆腔也是常演戏目,演员亦不仅安徽人,徽班只是为安徽人所主宰之剧团而已.这种兼容并蓄的作法,因而博得观众的欢迎,不但徽班声誉日隆,二黄调也因之身价日增.
道光年间,四大徽班已领先各类剧团,而四大徽班又各有特色:四喜以昆腔见长;三庆以连演新戏见长;和春以武戏见长;春台以童伶见长.至咸丰时,三庆班老生程长庚以二黄调突出於伶界,与四喜班擅长西皮之老生张二奎,及春台班做工取胜之老生余三胜鼎足而三,皮黄君临天下之势已成.同治,光绪年间,各班生,旦,净,丑偕济济多士,皮黄调於此大成.故京剧之兴,与四大徽班之起,息息相关.
一般认为我国京剧的产生是源于所谓"四大徽班"的进京,指的是为了庆贺乾隆皇帝80大
寿有关方面将"三庆"、"四喜"、"春台"、"和春"这四个原来在南方演唱"徽调"的班社调进北
京,才使后来发展成为京剧。实际上这"四大徽班"并不是同时进京的,最早进京的是"三
庆",后来是"四喜"等。当时的"徽调"和湖北的"汉调"都是同属"皮黄腔"类的地方戏曲,而且
两种戏曲的艺人还可能同在一个班社中。如曾对早期京剧形成作出很大贡献的著名演员余三
胜原来就是工汉调的。当然,这些班社的进京确实有助于"徽、汉"两调在京的合流,最终至
清道光年间真正形成为"京剧"。而这四个班社,后来实际上也就成为早期京剧的重要班社。
徽班反式入京的时光应当是正在坤隆五十五年,也就是1790年,所谓四小徽班,就是以下郎亭为尾的三庆、四忧、秋台和和秋那四个班社 希望我的回答可以帮到你,请采纳,万分感谢\(^o^)/ 这个原因我就不清楚了
所谓四小徽班,就是以下郎亭为尾的三庆、四忧、秋台战和秋这四个班社,
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