请问“曲水流觞”是什么意思?

2025-04-05 21:37:54
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

曲水流觞流觞曲水,亦称流杯曲水或曲水流觞,是旧时上巳节的一种饮宴风俗,其大致方式是众人围坐在回环弯曲的水渠边,将特制的酒杯(多是质地很轻的漆器)置于上游,任其顺着曲折的水流缓缓漂浮,酒杯漂到谁的跟前,谁就取杯饮酒。如此循环往复,直到尽兴为止。文人则将此俗发展成名士雅集--酒杯停在谁的面前,还得赋诗一首,其乐趣略同今人的"击鼓传花"或"丢手绢"。东晋永和九年(353)三月初三,大书法家王羲之与名士谢安、孙绰等四十余人宴集于浙江山阴(今绍兴)兰亭,作流觞曲水之戏,所谓"又有清流激湍,映带左右,引以为流觞曲水。列坐其次,虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情"。这些吟咏之作被编成《兰亭集》,由王羲之作序,成为我国书法艺术史上的瑰宝。
据记载,类似上巳曲水之类的"雅事",其余韵一直蔓延到二十世纪四十年代;而"禊赏亭"、"流杯亭"之类的景致,迄今还可在北京故宫、绍兴兰亭等处可见,不过均为在石基上凿成迂回曲折之沟槽的微型景观,无复王羲之笔下"有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍,映带左右"那种大自然的情趣了。
曲水流觞的习俗何时形成,有无特定的文化蕴含?这个问题已经争论了一千七百多年。
一说此俗源起西周初年。据南朝梁吴均《续齐谐记》:"昔周公卜城洛邑,因流水以泛酒,故逸《诗》云'羽觞随流波'。"战国时,秦昭王循此古俗,于三月初三置酒河曲,忽有金人自东而出,向其献"水心剑",日"令君制有西夏"。后秦国称霸诸侯,便在此处立"曲水祠"。汉武帝承袭秦制,凿建周长六里、水流曲折的曲江池,供皇家贵戚流水曲觞之用。隋改名芙蓉苑,唐复名曲江,并整修扩建,池面方圆达七里,亭台楼苑,鳞次相接,成为京都的一大风景区。唐人诗文中有许多曲水飞觞的描写,皆以此作为背景。
一说此俗源起西周末年。《三才图会·时候类·上巳》引《十节录》云:"昔周幽王淫乱,群臣愁苦之,于时设河上曲水宴。"其情调颇如《世说新语·言语》中的"新亭对泣"。
一说此俗源起东汉。《续汉书·礼仪志》"是月上巳"刘昭注:"一说云,后汉有郭虞者,三月上巳产二女,二日中并不育,俗以为大忌,至此月日讳止家,皆于东流水上为祈禳自絜濯,谓之禊祠。引流行觞,遂成曲水。"刘昭引述此传说后曾驳斥:"郭虞之说,良为虚诞。假有庶民旬内夭其二女,何是惊彼风俗,称为世忌乎?"无独有偶,《宋书·礼志》、南朝梁吴均《续齐谐记》等书中,也有类似的故事,略谓东汉章帝时,平原人徐肇于三月初得了三胞胎女婴,至三月三日俱亡。一村人引以为怪,从此每逢此日,都相携去水边盥洗,"遂因水以滥觞,曲水之二意起于此"。由此可见,类似的故事至少在东晋南朝时已流传甚广。有人认为它反映了古人视三月初三为"恶日",乃至将孪生女婴看作"不祥"的迷信观念,因之曲水流觞的本义则是祓除邪祟。
一说此俗应是《礼记·月令》中所谓"季春之月,……天子始乘舟",意即蔡邕《章句》"乘舟禊于名川"的流变。也就是说,曲水流觞风情中的酒杯,是"舟"的象征。但"乘舟"的意义何在呢?不详。
还有一说,列举西晋张协《禊赋》、潘尼《三日洛水作》诗,有"浮素卵以蔽水"、"素卵随流归"等描写;又南朝梁萧子范《三月赋》、庾肩吾《三日侍兰亭曲水宴》诗,有"浮绛枣于泱池"、"参差绛枣浮"等描写,认为两晋南北朝时的上巳节风俗,除曲水流觞外,尚有浮卵、浮枣等风情,其中临水浮卵可能是最为古老的习俗,即把煮熟的鸡蛋放在河里任其飘浮,谁得之谁食;而浮枣和流觞皆由浮卵演变而来。浮卵缘何产生、其文化涵义何在?又有两种观点。一种观点认为临水浮卵是原始社会东夷诸族的鸟图腾崇拜的产物。相传帝尧时代,有娀氏之女简狄和姊妹们在河边沐浴,有玄鸟飞过,掉下一个"五色甚好"的卵,简狄捷手先得,随即吞食,因孕生契,为商族始祖。所以商族以鸟为图腾,并根据简狄浴于玄丘之水吞卵生契的传说,形成临水吞卵之俗,故此俗的文化初义实际上是鸟图腾信仰。另一种观点认为临水浮卵实际上是一种感孕或接触巫术,目的是祝殖求孕。在这种活动中,卵是生育的象征,而后起的曲水流觞则与水上浮枣一样,不过是这种古老的孕育巫术的遗风而已。

回答2:

曲水流觞,是中国古代流传的一种游戏。夏历的三月人们举行祓禊仪式之后,大家坐在河渠两旁,在上流放置酒杯,酒杯顺流而下,停在谁的面前,谁就取杯饮酒。这种游戏非常古老,逸诗有云:“羽觞随波泛”。]

回答3:

曲水流觞qūshuǐ-liúshāng英语意思:[(of a gathered crowd) drink water from a winding canal with one wine cup floating on it so as to wash away ominousness] 中文意思:古民俗,每年农历三月在弯曲的水流旁设酒杯,流到谁面前,谁就取下来喝,可以祓除不吉利]

回答4:

古民俗,每年农历三月在弯曲的水流旁设酒杯,流到谁面前,谁就取下来喝,可以除去不吉利。]

回答5:

《兰亭序》中的“曲水流觞”,究竟是什么意思?专家为您讲解!

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