花椒择下后需要怎样处理

花椒择下后须要怎样处理
2025-04-03 13:39:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  花椒采摘和晾晒技术

  一、采收技术
  1、采收时间:因花椒主要使用部分是花椒果皮,所以严格地讲,花椒的成熟期实际是指花椒果皮品质最佳的时期,这个时期也是花椒采收的最佳时期。花椒表皮呈深绿色,油胞明显突起,有浓郁的麻香味,此时可视花椒成熟,应及时采收。平坝浅丘区一般在6月中、下旬,深丘山区略推迟。采收过早过迟都会影响品质。采收过早,成熟度不足,麻香味不浓,色泽不鲜;采收过迟,过于成熟,麻香味变淡,色泽老化甚至变成紫红色。
  2、采收前的用具准备:采收前应准备的采收工具如剪刀等和盛装花椒的用具如背篼、提篮、箩筐或花椒专用装箱等。这些工具和用具都要求清洁无污染,并用柔软的纱布或尼龙纱窗等作内衬,以防擦伤花椒果皮,擦破油胞,但不能用塑料薄膜等有毒和不透气的物品作内衬。用于运输花椒的工具如汽车等也要求洁净无污染。
  3、采收方法:应选晴天露水干后进行采收。用剪刀剪下或用手轻轻摘下果穗,并轻轻放在背篼或提篮中,也可用提篮等接着,让剪下的果穗直接掉入其中,避免用手拿椒,如选用“花椒采摘机”(另有介绍)。尽量做到在椒园一次性采收到不带枝、刺、叶的净花椒,省去在室内再整理的工序,以减少对椒果的碰撞摩擦。盛装椒果的容器(背篼、箩筐等)内不要装得过多(一般不超过容器容积的70%),更不能为了多装而用手将椒果压紧,要及时倒出,以免挤压,碰破油胞。
  4、注意事项:
  (1)选晴天上午露水干后采收,不能在雨天和有露水时采收,否则使椒颜色暗淡,品质低劣甚至变黑发霉。
  (2)在采收的全过程都要注意轻拿轻放,避免碰破油胞。
  (3)采收的花椒要做到无叶、无刺、无枝柄、无油椒、无变色椒。
  (4)采收后必须及时摊晒,不能推放太久。
  二、摊晒技术
  1、摊晒的场地:干净并干燥的晒坝、竹席上均可摊晒。竹席最好用竹杆等物架空,以便通气,并可避免泥土等杂物混入。
  2、摊晒方法:采收的花椒要抢晴天及时摊晒,将花椒轻轻摊撒在晒坝或竹席上,摊晒厚度2厘米左右,不宜摊得过厚,并且要厚薄均匀,不能起堆。摊晒的关键技术也是要保证油胞不破裂,完好无损,否则香气散发,颜色变黑,影响品质。花椒在烈日下曝晒,一般经5~6小时就会开裂,只要椒果开裂,椒皮水分蒸发失水后,油胞就不易破裂。待颗粒完全爆开后,用竹棍或连枷轻轻拍打,使种子、果梗、果皮分离,再用筛子、风车等工具把三者分开,即可得到色泽青绿、品质优良的花椒(果皮)。根据各地的经验,花椒最好当天晒干整理,即:早晨太阳照射地坝前将花椒进入晒场,待下午晒到全部爆口后整理,并复场。晒干后花椒的品质、色泽均好。若遇雨或阴天不能及时晒干,则色泽品质都会变差。
  如采收后遇雨,应摊放在干净、通风的地方,厚度以单穗摊放,不重穗为好,待天晴后,轻轻搬到阳光下晒干。如采收后遇久雨不晴,或摊晒条件不好的地方,也可采用(探索)烘烤的方法制干。
  3、包装:将花椒经晒干清选后所得到的椒皮进行分级(一般可分为3个等级),分级后用专门的包装塑料袋进行定量包装,用热合封口的方法密封,贮藏在干燥通风处,或运交加工厂进行加工处理。
  4、注意事项:制干后的花椒(果皮)品质要求:包泽青绿;椒籽含量少,椒籽重量(包括晒干后不开裂的果实)最多不超过5%,上等不超过3%;含水量在11%以下,用手轻轻拿握,有扎手感,并有沙沙响声;不得有霉烂粒和其他杂质,并符合国家绿色食品卫生标准。

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