以to do sth开头 和 以doing sth开头的区别:
To play basketball is funny和 Playing backetball is funny的区别:
1、To play basketball is funny和 Playing backetball is funny都表示“打篮球很有趣”。
2、但是Playing backetball is funny表示长时间的喜欢做某事,指兴趣爱好。在意义上比较一般和抽象, 时间观念不强,不指某一次动作;
例:
I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。
Do you like singing.你喜欢唱歌吗?
She likes swimming. 她喜欢游泳。(经常性的,爱好)
I like eating fish.我喜欢吃鱼.(个人口味而已,一种爱好)
3、To play basketball is funny则常指某个具体的动作,表示偶尔一次喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。
To play basketball is funny.想去做某事(表示有个趋向性,好像是要到某处去做某事)
例:
She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳。(特指某一次的动作)
1、doing表喜欢习惯做某事I LIKE PLAYING FOOTBALL.
to do特别喜欢做什么1 LIKE TO PLAY FOOTBALL.
2、选择中表某人爱好做什么用doing,不同的动词后跟不同的doing/to do。
3、"to do sth. ..."侧重于具体的一次性的动作;而"doing sth. ..."则侧重于习便性的动作,试比较下列句中:
swimming与to swim两者的区别:
Tom likes swimming, but he doesn' t like to swim this afternoon.
汤姆喜欢游泳,但他今天下午不喜欢游泳。
仔细品味二二者的不同含义,便可知其在用法上的区别了。
以上内容参考 百度百科-翻译
to do sth,是指去做某事,doing sth。是指正在做某事
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
To make up for lost time is not possible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。
To lean out of the window is dangerous.身子探出窗外很危险。
To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作?
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。
It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。
④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⑤It + 不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后
He thought it would be safer to go by train.他认为乘火车比较安全。
He will find it is hard to make friends.他会感觉到交朋友困难。
⑥不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。
It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.爱过而后失去了爱,比从未爱过要好。
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
注意:(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to see.
doing sth作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用三单形式
动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。如:
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)
No parking. (禁止停车)
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例词
shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意:
1) 在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2) 在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3) 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4) 在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5) 当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
——引自百度百科