名词性从句中what作成分是否可作任意成分?

2025-03-19 07:31:28
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回答1:

名词性从句包括宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句。定语从句不属于名词性从句。
名词性从句多由连词that,wh-疑问词或由what,whatever等关系代词引导。
1.主语从句:that在从句中不充当任何成分,其他引导词如what\how等基本由该词词义即可推断。如what因为是指物,即在从句中可充当主语或宾语,而how显然是方式状语,when则是时间状语,其他几种名词性从句中的引导词也是如此。故不赘述。
1)主语从句在句子中充当主语,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:
what
is
happening
outside
does
not
concern
us.外面发生的事与我们无关。
2)主语从句前的that不能省略,仅起连接作用,有时为了保持句子平衡,that从句后置,而由it作形式主语。如:
it
is
estimated
that
a
round-trip
to
mars
would
take
more
than
a
year.据估计,飞到火星来回的时间要超过一年。
2.宾语从句在句子中充当宾语。这里要指出的是引导词whether/if,它在句中不做任何成分,只起连接的作用,故也称为连接词。其他则已在主语从句中说明。如:
i
don't
know
where
the
sound
came
from.我不知道声音是从哪里来的。
don't
be
satisfied
with
what
you
have
achieved.不要满足于你已取得的成绩。
3.当从句放在系动词be,look,remain,seem等后,即构成表语从句。如:
the
trouble
is
that
i
have
lost
his
address.麻烦的是我弄丢了他的地址。
it
seems
that
as
if
it
is
going
to
snow.看起来天要下雪了。
4.同位语从句
1)同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释。能接同位语从句的常见名词有:idea,
fact,
news,
belief,
hope,
evidence,
opinion,
problem,
truth,
answer,
proposal,
theory,
decision,
discovery,
problem,
thought,
certainty,
likelihood,
on
condition
that,
on
the
ground,
with
the
exception,
in
spite
of
the
fact,
on
the
pretence等。
the
news
that
he
has
passed
the
examination
is
exciting.他通过考试的消息令人振奋。
i
lent
her
the
book
on
condition
that
she
would
return
it
before
sunday.我把书借给了她,条件是她在星期天之前还给我。
2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于:定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限制,而同位语从句是为了说明中心词的具体内容;that在定语从句中充当成分,为关系代词,而在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅起连词作用。如:
the
fact
that
we
talked
about
is
very
important.我们讨论的情况非常重要。(定语从句)