推荐回答（1个）
融资融券交易是海外证券市场普遍实施的一项成熟交易制度，是证券市场基本职能发挥作用的重要基础。各个开展融资融券的资本市场都根据自身金融体系和信用环境的完善程度，采用了适合自身实际情况的融资融券业务模式。
融资融券包括券商对投资者的融资、融券和金融机构对券商的融资、融券。从世界范围来看，融资融券制度是一项基本的信用交易制度。
2010年03月30日，上交所、深交所分别发布公告，表示将于2010年3月31日起正式开通融资融券交易系统，开始接受试点会员融资融券交易申报。融资融券业务正式启动。
【拓展资料】
融资融券的模式
融资融券概括地归结为三大类：以美国为代表的市场化模式、以日本为代表的集中授信模式和以中国台湾为代表的双轨制模式。
1、美国：分散信用模式
在美国的市场化模式中，证券交易经纪公司处于核心地位。美国信用交易高度市场化，投资者进行信用交易时，向证券公司申请融资融券，证券公司直接对投资者提供信用。而当证券公司自身资金或者证券不足时，证券公司则向银行申请贷款或者回购融资，向非银行金融机构借入短缺的证券。这种市场化模式建立在信用体系完备和货币市场与资本市场联通的前提下，证券公司能够根据客户需求，顺利、方便地从银行、非银行金融机构调剂资金和证券头寸，并迅速地将融入资金或借入的证券配置给需要的投资者。美国的市场化模式效率高，成本低。
2、日本：单轨制集中信用模式
从日本的集中授信模式看，专业化的证券金融公司处于整个融资融券业务的核心和垄断地位，严格控制着资金和证券通过信用交易的倍增效应。日本的证券金融公司主要为银行出资设立，为证券经纪商等中介机构提供服务。证券公司如果资金和证券不足，并不直接向银行、货币市场进行借贷或回购融资，也不直接向非银行金融机构融券，而是向证券金融公司申请进行资金和证券的转融通。在日本的集中授信模式下，证券金融公司而不是证券公司自身，联通货币市场和其他非银行金融机构，作为融资融券的中介，证券金融公司控制着整个融资融券业务的规模和节奏。
3、中国台湾：双轨制信用模式
台湾模式由于是双轨制，运作起来相对复杂，而且有4家证券金融公司，彼此存在竞争。而对证券公司实行许可证管理，有许可证的券商可以向证券金融公司融资融券，而没有许可证的证券公司只能从事代理服务。证券公司的地位由于投资者可以直接向证券金融公司融资融券而比较被动，融资融券业务为券商带来的收入有限。
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