碳是形成化合物最多的元素.(1)由碳元素参与形成的物质多为分子晶体,也有少数原子晶体.下列关于分子

2025-04-05 17:09:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)A、氯化铵由非金属元素组成,但属于离子晶体,故A错误;
B、分子晶体中分子间的作用力为范德华力和氢键,一定存在范德华力,同时可能含有氢键,故B正确;
C、SiC具有极高的熔点和较大的硬度,说明SiC为原子晶体,只存在共价键,无范德华力,故C错误;
D、金刚石在一定条件下可发生一些化学反应,如金刚石转化为石墨、与氧气发生氧化等,故D错误;
故答案为:B;
(2)A、C4是由C组成的单质,故A错误;
B、C4和白磷一样,分子间存在范德华力,均属于分子晶体,故B正确;
C、C4中的共价键是由碳原子构成的非极性键,故C错误;
D、C4与C60都是由碳元素组成的不同的单质,互为同素异形体,故D正确;
故答案为:BD;
(3)Ge的价电子排布为4s24p2,含有2个未成对电子,Se的价电子排布为4s24p4,含有2个未成对电子,且在同周期含有2个未成对电子的元素中电负性最大,
故答案为:4s24p4
(4)邻硝基苯酚形成分子内氢键,对硝基苯酚形成分子间氢键,形成分子间氢键熔沸点比形成分子内氢键的熔沸点更高,
故答案为<;
(5)A、CO2不含孤电子对,为直线形,键角180°;
B、CF4不含孤电子对,为正四面体,键角109°28′;
C、NF3为三角锥形,含1个孤电子对,键角约107°18′;
D、OF2为V形,含2个孤电子对,键角约为104.5°.
硼酸是一元酸,电离得到氢离子和硼酸二氢根离子,方程式为:+H+
故答案为:D;+H+

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