linux grub装到哪个分区

2025-03-26 04:21:21
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

GRUB 的安装方式两种
我们都知道在操作系统启动过程中有 一个很重要的引导程序——MBR。MBR是由三段组成的其中最重要的两段:是由446个字节组成的boot locader(引导加载器),和64个字节的分区表。在MBR的446字节也就是boot locader这段程序对于引导操作系统很重要。Linux中有两种boot locader可选,一种是LILO,一种就是GRUB。LILO现在已不用了。现在主要是使用GRUB来引导。现在我们来介绍一下GRUB。
GRUB是两段式的引导,第一阶段称为stage1,是存放在MBR中,主要来引导第二阶段stage2 这段主要放在/boot/grub/中的执行程序,主要是grub.conf这个文件。下面就介绍两种GRUB的安装
第一种是:当grub.conf这个文件不存在了,我们可以手动编辑。当系统重新启动时会出现一个grub的提示界面;而我们并不知道系统是在哪个磁盘中,这时我们可以用一命令来试着来找一下,grub>find (hd0,0)/ 用Tab键来查看是否有一个内核版本,如果有则是在这个磁盘中,反之则查找下一个。找到后可在grub>后输入:root (hd0,0)第二步是在grub>后输入kernel 后面跟上内核的版本,例如:kernel /vimlinuz-2.6.18-64.el5 ro root=/dev/vol0... quit。第三步是initrd,例如:grub>initrd /initrd 后面与内核版本相对应。最后是grub>boot 也就是重新启动。启动后在/boot/grub建立一个grub.conf 这样我们的grub就安装成功了。
第二种方式:当grub被破坏掉了。例如我们执行命令#dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=220 count=1 执行后MBR中的boot locader 就被删掉了。那我们怎样来重装grub呢?这里有两个方法。第一种就是:找一个系统光盘,从光盘启动紧急救援模式来修复grub。第二种方式就是安装grub到一个磁盘上。其过程是:
第一步是:在一个磁盘上重新化分一个分区,大约有100M左右,
第二步是:把这个分区格式化,#mount ext3 /dev/sdb1
第三步是:创建一目录。#mkdir /mnt/boot 并把上面的分区挂载到这个目录上#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot
第四步是:创建目录#mkdir /mnt/boot/grub
第五步是:进入到原操作系统i386-redhat目录中,并复制目录下所有文件。 #cd /usr/share/grub/i386-redhat
#cp ./* /mnt/boot/grub
第六步是:回原目录并卸载光盘#cd #umount /dev/sdb1
第七步是:执行grub命令#grub 会出现一个grub界面。逐步输入。
grub>root (hd1,0)
grub>setup (hd1)
grub>quit
经过这七步后我们的grub就成功的安装在了一个新的磁盘上,我们可以新建一个虚拟机并用这个磁盘,启动后就可以看到grub来引导的界面。
上面是两种方式来安装grub,如果再有内核就是一个小的Linux操作系统了。

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