晶体管稳压电路的工作原理如何?

2025-04-03 08:23:03
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

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晶体管基极受稳压管钳位,电压相对于电源负极不变,当电源输入电压升高时,升高的电压都加在电阻R1上,从而导致晶体管发射极-基极电压升高,于是基极电流增加,经放大后发射极电流大幅度增加,从而导致R2上压降增加,晶体管发射极电压(也就是电源输出电压)回落。这是个动态平衡,负反馈把晶体管发射极-基极电压限定在一个固定值,只要有所变化将立即拉回,而基极相对于电源负是固定的,于是输出电压等于发射极-基极电压加上稳压管电压,为恒定值。一、限流式在电路回中路中串联一个小电阻,比如1欧姆。在这个电阻的两端接一个保护三极管9014的BE极。

三极管的C极接稳压管处。当电流大于设计值时(比如800MA),此时检测电阻两端的电压为0.8伏,高于0.7伏,保护三极管完全导通,CE间近似短路,电压下降为三极管的饱和压降,比如0.1伏。此时,稳压管被短路,输出电压下降到接近0伏。保护成功。二、截止式截止式是可以上面的保护电路上改进。在保护三极管的基极预设一个电压,比如0.5伏,此时,保护三极管将要导通。然后把检测电阻的电压叠加到B极,当检测电阻检测到高于0.2伏的电压时,二个电压相加后,三极管完全导通,CE极短路,稳压管短路,输出电压近似为0,保护完成。截止式的好处是可以用更小的检测电阻,减少这个电阻上的功率损失。晶体管BG3的发射极电位Uw为基准电压,当输人电源电压 升高时,基极电位随U的升高而趋向于上升,而L/w基本不 变,晶体管BG3的基极电流将增大,集电极电流也相应增大,致 使BG2、BG:的基极电位下降,相应的将使这两只晶体管的集电 极电流也减小,于是使输出电压U出维持在原来值。反之,当输人电源电压降低时,则反馈过程相反。

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回答2:

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晶体管串联型稳压电源的组成:交流市电经过变压整流,滤波后得到的脉动直流电压Vi,随市电的变化或者直流负载的变化而变化,所以,它是不稳定的直流电压,为此必须增加稳压电路,稳压电路由取样电路,比较电路,基准电路和调整元件等部分组成。稳压电路的工作原理:当输出电压Vo发生变化时候,取样电路取出部分电压nVo,加到比较放大器上与基准电压进行比较放大,通过控制调整元件,调节调整元件上的压降,使得Vo作相反的变化,从而达到使得输出电压Vo基本稳定。稳压电源的主要技术指标输出电压Vo:Vo≈Vz/n,Vz为基准电压,n为取样电路分压比,一旦稳压管的电压选定后,只要改变就可以调节输出电压。输出最大电流:稳压器允许的最大输出电流的大小。主要取决于调整管的最大允许电流和功耗,要保证稳压器正常工作,必须满足Iomax≤ICM,和Iomax≤PCM 输出电阻:输出电阻表示负载变化时候,输出电压维持稳定输出电压的能力,Ro定义为输入电压不变时候输出电压变化量和输出电流变化量之比。

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回答3:

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利用电路的调整作用使输出电压稳定的过程称为稳压。稳压电路在输入电压、负载、环境温度、电路参数等发生变化时仍能保持输出电压恒定的电路。这种电路能提供稳定的直流电源,广为各种电子设备所采用基本结构调整元件、基准电压电路、取样电路、比较放大电路稳压电源分类稳压电源的分类方法繁多,按输出电源的类型分有直流稳压电源和交流稳压电源;按稳压电路稳压电路与负载的连接方式分有串联稳压电源和并联稳压电源;按调整管的工作状态分有线性稳压电源和开关稳压电源;按电路类型分有简单稳压电源和反馈型稳压电源,等等。如此繁多的分类方式往往让初学者摸不着头脑,不知道从哪里入手。其实应该说这些看似繁多的分类方法之间有着一定的层次关系,只要理清了这个层次自然可以分清楚电源的种类了。

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